Salt-Induced Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death in Wheat

The high salinity of soil salts limits plant growth. Wheat is sensitive to toxic levels mineral salts. Salinity leads the accumulation ions in all organs wheat. Depending on level ion accumulation, wheat defined as salt stress-tolerant or -sensitive. variety Zolotaya accumulated Cl? and Na+ a greater extent than Orenburgskaya 22 variety. was accompanied by an increase ROS damage root tissues up 80% formation autophagosomes considered defense mechanism against abiotic stresses plants. At concentration 150 mM NaCl, expression TOR, which negative regulator autophagosomes, occurred. TOR 2.8 times higher roots 3.8 leaves Under action salinity, homeostasis disturbed cells production accumulated. In unstable Zolotaya, found cap zone meristem contrast resistant only zone. Accumulation triggered autophagy PCD. PCD markers revealed DNA breaks nuclei metaphase chromosomes, with surface location phosphatidylserine, release cytochrome c into cytoplasm, indicates mitochondrial pathway for death part during salinity. Based electron microscopy data, mitophagy induction leaf under saline conditions.